描述

接收地址作为字符串（或已规范化的地址），并输出一组可能的地址，包括 NAD 83 经纬度中的点几何图形、每个地址的 normalized_address (addy) 和评分。评分越低，匹配的可能性就越大。结果按评分从低到高排序。使用 Tiger 数据（边、面、地址）、PostgreSQL 模糊字符串匹配（soundex、levenshtein）和 PostGIS 线插值函数来沿 Tiger 边插值地址。评分越高，地理编码正确的可能性就越低。地理编码点默认从街道地址所在的中心线偏移 10 米到街道的侧面（L/R）。

增强功能：2.0.0 支持 Tiger 2010 结构化数据，并修改了一些逻辑以提高地理编码的速度和准确性，并将点从中心线偏移到街道地址所在的街道侧面。新参数 max_results 用于指定最佳结果的数量或只返回最佳结果。

示例：基本

以下示例的计时是在运行 PostgreSQL 9.1rc1/PostGIS 2.0 的 3.0 GHZ 单处理器 Windows 7 计算机上进行的，该计算机具有 2GB 内存，并加载了 MA、MN、CA、RI 州的所有 Tiger 数据。

精确匹配计算速度更快（61 毫秒）

SELECT g.rating, ST_X(g.geomout) As lon, ST_Y(g.geomout) As lat,
    (addy).address As stno, (addy).streetname As street,
    (addy).streettypeabbrev As styp, (addy).location As city, (addy).stateabbrev As st,(addy).zip
    FROM geocode('75 State Street, Boston MA 02109', 1) As g;
 rating |        lon        |      lat       | stno | street | styp |  city  | st |  zip
--------+-------------------+----------------+------+--------+------+--------+----+-------
      0 | -71.0557505845646 | 42.35897920691 |   75 | State  | St   | Boston | MA | 02109

即使没有传入邮政编码，地理编码器也可以猜测（大约需要 122-150 毫秒）

SELECT g.rating, ST_AsText(ST_SnapToGrid(g.geomout,0.00001)) As wktlonlat,
    (addy).address As stno, (addy).streetname As street,
    (addy).streettypeabbrev As styp, (addy).location As city, (addy).stateabbrev As st,(addy).zip
    FROM geocode('226 Hanover Street, Boston, MA',1) As g;
 rating |         wktlonlat         | stno | street  | styp |  city  | st |  zip
--------+---------------------------+------+---------+------+--------+----+-------
      1 | POINT(-71.05528 42.36316) |  226 | Hanover | St   | Boston | MA | 02113

可以处理拼写错误，并提供多个可能的解决方案，包括评分，并且需要更长时间（500 毫秒）。

SELECT g.rating, ST_AsText(ST_SnapToGrid(g.geomout,0.00001)) As wktlonlat,
    (addy).address As stno, (addy).streetname As street,
    (addy).streettypeabbrev As styp, (addy).location As city, (addy).stateabbrev As st,(addy).zip
    FROM geocode('31 - 37 Stewart Street, Boston, MA 02116',1) As g;
 rating |         wktlonlat         | stno | street | styp |  city  | st |  zip
--------+---------------------------+------+--------+------+--------+----+-------
     70 | POINT(-71.06466 42.35114) |   31 | Stuart | St   | Boston | MA | 02116
    

用于对地址进行批量地理编码。最简单的方法是设置 max_results=1。只处理尚未进行地理编码（没有评分）的地址。

CREATE TABLE addresses_to_geocode(addid serial PRIMARY KEY, address text,
        lon numeric, lat numeric, new_address text, rating integer);

INSERT INTO addresses_to_geocode(address)
VALUES ('529 Main Street, Boston MA, 02129'),
 ('77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139'),
 ('25 Wizard of Oz, Walaford, KS 99912323'),
 ('26 Capen Street, Medford, MA'),
 ('124 Mount Auburn St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138'),
 ('950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610');

-- only update the first 3 addresses (323-704 ms -  there are caching and shared memory effects so first geocode you do is always slower) --
-- for large numbers of addresses you don't want to update all at once
-- since the whole geocode must commit at once
-- For this example we rejoin with LEFT JOIN
-- and set to rating to -1 rating if no match
-- to ensure we don't regeocode a bad address
UPDATE addresses_to_geocode
  SET  (rating, new_address, lon, lat)
    = ( COALESCE(g.rating,-1), pprint_addy(g.addy),
       ST_X(g.geomout)::numeric(8,5), ST_Y(g.geomout)::numeric(8,5) )
FROM (SELECT addid, address
    FROM addresses_to_geocode
    WHERE rating IS NULL ORDER BY addid LIMIT 3) As a
    LEFT JOIN LATERAL geocode(a.address,1) As g ON true
WHERE a.addid = addresses_to_geocode.addid;

result
-----
Query returned successfully: 3 rows affected, 480 ms execution time.

SELECT * FROM addresses_to_geocode WHERE rating is not null;

 addid |                   address                    |    lon    |   lat    |                new_address                | rating
-------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+----------+-------------------------------------------+--------
     1 | 529 Main Street, Boston MA, 02129            | -71.07177 | 42.38357 | 529 Main St, Boston, MA 02129             |      0
     2 | 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 | -71.09396 | 42.35961 | 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 |      0
     3 | 25 Wizard of Oz, Walaford, KS 99912323       | -97.92913 | 38.12717 | Willowbrook, KS 67502                     |    108
(3 rows)

示例：使用 Geometry 过滤器

SELECT g.rating, ST_AsText(ST_SnapToGrid(g.geomout,0.00001)) As wktlonlat,
    (addy).address As stno, (addy).streetname As street,
    (addy).streettypeabbrev As styp,
    (addy).location As city, (addy).stateabbrev As st,(addy).zip
  FROM geocode('100 Federal Street, MA',
        3,
        (SELECT ST_Union(the_geom)
            FROM place WHERE statefp = '25' AND name = 'Lynn')::geometry
        ) As g;

 rating |         wktlonlat         | stno | street  | styp | city | st |  zip
--------+---------------------------+------+---------+------+------+----+-------
      7 | POINT(-70.96796 42.4659)  |  100 | Federal | St   | Lynn | MA | 01905
     16 | POINT(-70.96786 42.46853) | NULL | Federal | St   | Lynn | MA | 01905
(2 rows)

Time: 622.939 ms
          

另请参阅

Normalize_Address，Pprint_Addy，ST_AsText，ST_SnapToGrid，ST_X，ST_Y